china is located in the east of the asian continent, to the north of the pacific ocean.
china’s land area is 9.6 million km2, ranking 3rd in the world after russia and canada.
china’s land slopes from west to east and can be ided into three zones.
the han chinese, the largest group, makes up about 91.51% of china’s vast population, and the world uses the term “han culture” to refer to chinese culture.
china’s population is evenly distributed across the country.
it has more than 5000 islands along the coast, with the largest one being _____island.
china has 23 provinces, ______autonomous regions, 4 municipalities,2 special administrative regions.
the mongols, distributed on the inner mongolian plateau, are called ______.
the tibetan people by and large live on the qinghai- tibet plateau, known as _____.
china has a ___and complicated topography.
the himalayas situated at the south edge of the qinghai-tibet plateau, range from the pamir plateau in the west to the great turning point of the yarlung zangbo river in the east.
the tianshan mountains are a natural geographic line of the demarcation.
plateaus cover about one-fifth of china’s total area, mainly in its western and central parts.
the summer in the northeast china plain is short, warm and rainy, and the winter is long, cold with little snow.
the taklamakan desert, located in the tarim basin, is about 1000 km long from east to north and about 400 km wide from south to north.
the himalayas in the tibetan language means ______.
the inner mongolia plateau is one of the areas where natural pasture and_____ are found together.
rich oil deposits are found under the tarim basin so that people call the basin an _____.
the yellow river flows through the north china plain in its lower reaches, where the river broadens, the flow slows down, and the mud and the sand accumulate to form a “______river” where the riverbed is actually higher than the surrounding land.
summer palace is the largest and most complex existing royal garden, reputed as the royal garden museum.
xi'an is bordered on the north by the qingling mountains, and on the north by the weihe river.
in the western han dynasty, luoyang was chosen as the capital but the ruler still attached great importance to the city.
qinhuai river is also the birthplace of the age-old nanjing culture.
kaifeng city is located in eastern henan province.
in 1987, unesco, designated ______of china as a world heritage.
as a world-famous ancient capital, xi'an has been designated as the capital of _____ ancient chinese dynasties.
_____is a buddhist temple in the eastern portion of the city.
____is a perfect symbol to reflect the construction and role of nanjing as imperial center of government and power.
_____ is located in the south bank of west lake.
elephant eye cave has an average height of roughly 3 meters, varies in width from 5 to 10 meters.
elephant trunk hill, which gets its name from the fact that its shape suggests a huge elephant.
the nearly 600 caves in mogao grottoes are examples of rock-cut architecture of different styles in terms of building and function.
the sui dynasty (518-618) was a golden age for buddhi in chinese history.
jiuzhai valley or jiuzhaigou national park is located in the aba tibetan and qiang autonomous prefecture of sichuan province, south western china.
______is a bright pearl in guilin.
situated between the elephant's trunk and its torso is a large_____.
the five coloured pond (wu cai chi) is one of jiuzhai valley’s allest but most impressive ____.
______ is the spirit of jiuzhai valley.
shen nong was called yan di and his surname was jiang.
oracle script symbolized that chinese history had finished its primitive times and entered a civilized era.
mencius assumed that mankind was naturally evil.
iron tools and the coupling-plough were brought into use for the first time in sang dynasty.
the greatest merits of mozi were the proposals of a universal love and non-violence.
the battle of _________led to the end of the shang dynasty, and the beginning of the zhou dynasty.
the declaration of “if poor, one attends to his own virtue in solitude; if advanced to dignity, he makes the whole world virtuous as well" was proposed by _______.
li kui, shang yang, shen buhai were the representatives of the ____
in 770 b. c. _______of zhou moved the capital eastward to luoyi.
the five overlords of the spring and autumn period were duke of huan of qi, duke wen of jin, , duke xiang of song, and king zhuang of chu.
yushi dafu(censor) took charge of military affairs in qin dynasty.
chang'an was the capital city of eastern han.
the qin empire was ided into 36 prefectures and later increased to 41.
the policy of restricting merchants was replaced by that of favoring when the emperors wen and jing came into power.
a new kind of bureaucratic centrali within a state during the rule of emperor wudi was officially confucianist but in fact legist.
in 8 ad wang mang proclaimed himself emperor of the _______ dynasty .
emperor wudi sent wei qing and huo qubing to launch ____ large-scale expeditions against xiongnu to maintain the safety of the hexi corridor.
in 184, the _______ occurred the liu royalty then fell into the hands of local governors and warlords
opened the very important trade route to the central asia, which later called______.
the neishi department dealt with the verification of orders and policies.
the grand c of china is the largest ancient c or artificial river in the world.
wu zetian is the only empress in chinese history.
li shimin, emperor tang gaozu who established the tang dynasty
the tang dynasty was trading with more than seventy countries.
________ is regarded by most chinese historians to be the turning point in the tang dynasty’s fortunes.
kaiyuan flourishing age was under the reign of _______
the grand c is ided into 4 parts with ________ as the center.
the ministry of ________ was responsible for the appointment, training and diissal of officials.
that princess wencheng left chang'an to marry songtsan gambo pioneered amicable relations between the tang and the _____.
tiemuzhen changed the reign title into yuan and was known as yuan shizu.
the northern han was the last kingdom of the ten states.
the capital of south song dynasty was yingtian.
the northern song issued the earliest paper money in the world.
the imperial calendar was three hundred years earlier than the geliego calendar.
the northern song fought many wars with liao in order to regain the sixteen cities of youyun .
wang anshi reform” occurred during emperor ______
__________ represent(s) the important achievement in the literature in yuan dynasty.
zhu xi was one of the people who helped develop neo-________
the masterpiece of wang shipu is ______
since the reign of zhu yuanzhang, the porcelain making industry had been a major source of the state finance.
li zicheng founded the new government in xiangyang and titled himself xinshun emperor.
in 1636, nurhachu moved the capital to shenyang and changed the regime title into 'qing'.
the qing dynasty resumed the 'sheng' administrative system that established by yuan
emperor kangxi promoted the compilation and publication of sikuquanshu.
_________decided to move the capital to beijing in order to strengthen the northern frontier.
zheng he’s (郑和）seven naval expeditions opened the sea route from china to the _______ and the seacoast of the east africa.
ming taizu made the the ______ book and the fishscale book in order to control the peasants and ensure the tax.
the qing dynasty unified ______ from the descendants of zhengchenggong.
“essays from the short grass hall” was written by ______
the high point of elite drama was during the ______ dynasty.
han yu advocates a return to ______.
with the influence of _____ in the han dynasty, the prose in the two jin dynasties turned to be ornate and heavily rhetoric.
chinese literature has an uninterrupted history of more than 3,000 years.
the principal genre of chinese literature is prose.
music bureau poetry (yuefu) was collected from folk music in han dynasty.
the song dynasty saw the rise in popularity of “travel record literature”.
chinese prose was rooted in the official histories.
old poems feature a distinctive ______ that later became shi poetry’s most common line length.
the ______ prose and historical prose flourished in the han dynasty.
the received text of the book contains all 64 possible hexagrams.
there are ancient folk songs in the book of changes.
the book of changes has long been deemed as an encyclopedia of ancient times.
the supernatural has the same importance in different genres.
the classic of mountains and seas has also recorded the human geography.
the ______ thinking and combination of symbols and language in the book of changes have exerted the far-reaching influence on the poetry of later generations.
the classic chinese literary style standsin a sharp contrast to the western ______ literary theories.
the mutual complementation between ______ and the harmony between poetry and pictures have permeated into the literary theories has become the “law” of chinese poetic culture and literary theories.
the book is ided into _____ sections, which fall into major parts.
the story of nv wa is from ______.
strictly speaking, pre-qin prose writings are not literary works, but they nevertheless hold an important place in literary history.
prose writings during the spring and autumn and the warring states generally includes historical prose and the prose of masters.
the intrigues of the warring states is the first work of history that contains rich literary elements of fiction and drama.
it’s from modi’s work mozi that there came a great change in prose writing.
the syntax in zhuangzi shows no variety.
zhuangzhou longs for the extrication from all spiritual restrictions, and seeks an ______ that transcends the limit of time and space.
mencius took a direct part in the composition of ______.
during the spring and autumn and the warring states period, people enjoyed ______ and their minds were emancipated to the full.
______ has been considered by people of later times as a canonical work that contains “subtle words with profound meaning.
corresponding to the flourish of the rhapsody, there emerged a group of men of letters who were engaged exclusively in literary activities.
mei sheng’s representative work is rhapsody on sir vacuous.
only starting from historical records did china begin to have authentic narrative prose of a literary nature.
the earliest chu song of the han dynasty may be dated from liu bang's “song of the big wind”
“nineteen old poems” were included in the selections of refined literature.
_______of the qin dynasty and ______of the early western han were considered to be the swan song of the prose of the masters.
what is deeply impressive about the “old poems” is that so many of them tell the ______ of people separated from each other and the ______ of those who live away from their native land.
for the very first time, ______ reflected the daily life of people of the lower stratum of the society in detail and depth.
chinese poetry has been overwhelmingly dominated by the______.
the ______ represents the highest achievement of literature in the han dynasty.
during the chien-an reign (196–220) at the end of the eastern han, sima zhao assumed de facto control of the imperial court.
lu ji considers human emotion as the point of departure for poetry composition and the prerequisite for artistic expression.
it's from the chien-an period that consciousness in literature began to bud.
ranking of poetry became an unprecedented conclusion of classical chinese literary theory.
literary mind: carving dragons ides the poets from the han-wei to the qi-liang period into three ranks: the upper, the middle, and the lower rank.
because confuciani lost its dominance, a variety of intellectual thought began to co-exist simultaneously, and the values of ______were attached great importance.
chien-an is a period that ______ began to assume an overwhelming dominance in all literary compositions.
the ______ poets established subgenres and themes that were to endure throughout much of subsequent chinese literary history.
one aspect of chien-an poetry that has sometimes been singled out for praise is its so-called_______.
the melancholy in chien-an poetry is often tempered by a quality traditional critics called k’ang-k’ai, which connotes strength in the face of ______, a kind of fortitude.
the “old-style” (chin-t’i) verse of the t’ang was also called the metrical verse.
poetry had been the core genre of the literature of the literati since the wei and jin.
both gao shi and cen shen were both masters of frontier poems in the old style.
it was not until the poetry of the mid tang that the aesthetic ideals of the predecessors came to be fully materialized.
du fu's dominant style began to take shape on the eve of the an-shi rebellion.
the staple form of tang poetry was verse in ______ lines.
the reflection of life’s ______ is an important subject matter of chen zi’ang’s poetry.
______ was the first among tang poets to spend much of his effort in writing poems on landscape.
the keynote of li he’s poetry is to take ______ as a point of departure, and to feel, to experience, and to resist the suppression of men from nature and society.
poetry of bo juyi, yuan zhen has a tendency for______.
the song lyric is generally easier to understand, milder and more circuitous in tone than traditional poetry.
the shih poetry may be considered as a kind of “light” literature.
what is most frequently found in li yu’s song lyrics are the regret that beautiful things are easy to fade and the grief caused by recalling such things once they get lost.
su shih made the highest accomplishments in the literature of northern song.
su shih devoted great attention to the agreement between the lyric text and music
yan shu and liu yong, respectively, founded the two schools of northern song song lyrics: ______ and______.
the gentle and graceful style of the song lyric finds the most remarkable representation in ______ works.
in the poetry and song lyric of the middle period of the southern song, there is always the call to ______ and ______.
the strength of the “chengzhai style” lies first in its capability to find poetry in extremely ______ and______.
yan yu held that poetic language, in its essence, is not ______ but______.
the basic structural format of the yuan variety play is that each single “text”(ben).
during the earlier period, most of the authors of the variety play were active in southern cities.
guan hanqing’s plays are ersified in theme, content and style.
the southern plays of the early period used as an important subject matter the censure of unfaithful men.
the inidual aria may be ided into two kinds: the short aria and the long aria.
the language of the inidual aria is more ______.
the authors of inidual arias such as ______ is among men of letters closely associated with the townsfolk society and urban culture.
______was the very first novel written exclusively in the vernacular language.
guan hanqing has been considered as the representative of the ______ of the yuan variety play.
______ may sing in the southern play.
“four talents of suzhou” referred to zhu yunming, tang yin, wen zhengming, and ______.
wang guowei spoke very highly of ______ , saying that he “used the eyes of nature to look at things, and used the tongue of nature to talk about love.”
in a kind of unprecedented______, a dream of red mansions depicts the decline of a hereditary aristocratic family
fiction about ghosts, monsters and supernatural things in classical language was brought into its fullest play in pu songling’s______.
exposure of the official circles and strange scenes witnessed in the last two decades belong to______.
there is a rise in poetry and prose during the early period.
an important feature of late ming literature was its theoretical self-consciousness.
travel to the west showed more concern for the ugly human nature and the deplorable human existence in a cynical and mocking attitude.
many stories in the “two striking’s” reflect the business activities of the merchants and their wealth-seeking life philosophy.
gong zizhen raised the emphasis on the subjectivity of self to an unprecedented high level of importance.
people in north china are used to pasting paper-cuttings on their windows.
the wooden boats are shaped and decorated in the form of a chinese dragon.
in song dynasty, people had four days to spend the festival.
the story goes that during the time of yao (about 2,000 b.c.)
girls also held weaving and needlework competitions to see who had the best hands and the brightest mind, both prerequisites for making a good wife and mother in ancient china.
people often celebrate _____ from the 23rd day of the twelfth month to the 15th day of the first month in the lunar calendar.
______ is the most important activity during the dragon boat.
the most popular lanterns are those with the _____of the year.
the mid-autumn festival is also known as a festival of ___since various kinds of fruits and grains become mature at this time.
many magpies, moved by their love and devotion, formed a____ across the milky way to reunite the family.
chinese marriage was systemed into custom in the warring states period.
the letter of marriage serves as the marriage certificate.
the rite of nazheng is to confirm whether the boy and the girl's eight characters of birth are compatible or not.
on the day of the wedding, two families performs "hair dressing" ritual and "capping" ritual for the bride and groom together.
there were many taboos concerning ancient chinese marriage customs in history, some of which were superstitious, some were funny and some were impressive.
which is the following rites is not included in six rites?
which one is an official contract of a marriage between the two family?
which is to confirm whether the potential marriage is auspicious or not?
the bride was covered with a red veil over her head on the wedding day, which symbolized her_____, pureness and youthfulness, and it was the bridegroom who removed the veil from the bride's head, thus they became huand and wife formally.
people who were born in the year of the _____were not suitable to attend the wedding ceremony.
according to tradition, twelve symbolic animals reveal more than simply your age — it’s a window into your personality, career, love prospects, and future good (or bad) fortune.
chinese zodiac legends and mythology explains that the rat used his brain rather than his brawn.
and the earthly branches are composed of 12 characters.
the chinese zodiac is ided into 12 different categories where an animal represents each category.
people born under rat chinese zodiac sign aren’t believed to be the most intelligent of all.
the most well-known of the chinese zodiac legends states that ____invited the animals to participate in a race.
the first animal to make it across the finish line according to chinese zodiac legends and mythology was the_____.
the ancient chinese people invented the method to designate the years by ________.
people born in this particular zodiac are independent in nature and love _______ to the utmost.
______yze the situations before deciding on the right course of action.
the 24 solar terms are part of the traditional chinese calendar. it was originated along the yellow river even before the han dynasty.
“vernal equinox” indicates one meaning.
during light snow , yang qi flows down and yin qi goes up and all things lost vitality.
in south china around yangtze delta area, people have the custom of eating red bean glutinous rice.
around “slight heat”, there are often celebrating activities in the folk to welcome the autumn. nowadays, people often take a trip in the mountains to enjoy the beautiful autumn views.
old poems also describe______ season as, “with sunshine in the east and rain in the west, you can’t tell whether it’s fine or not.”
“autumn equinox” is the time to sacrifice for the____.
to china, ______indicates the weather starts to enter the coldest days.
the whole year's work depends on a good start in ______.
____is the main food chosen by chinese people during major snow.
the long, horizontal scroll is also called a hand scroll and is usually less than centimeters high but maybe up to meters long.
in the use of colors, the color may be used chiefly and other colors may be used supplementally,or balanced colors may be used.
the appreciation of the traditional chinese painting is influenced by the traditional chinese
the chinese landscape painting has been a preeminently developed branch in the history of chinese painting, particularly since dynasty.
abstract birds and animals were engraved on of the shang (1600- 1046 bc) and zhou (1046- 256 bc) dynasties.
by their forms the old chinese fine arts can be ided into painting, sculpture,calligraphy, handicraft, architecture, etc.
by their cultural implications, the old chinese fine arts can be ided into literati fine arts, court fine arts, folk fine arts , religious fine arts, etc.
the representative grottos were the mogao grottos in dunhuang,the grottos on maiji mountain in tianshui, the yungang grottos in dalian, the longmen grottos in luoyang and the qixia hill grottos in nanjing.
the more than three centuries of the sui and tang were a period of progress and change in landscape painting.
hanging scrolls are both horizontal and vertical, usually mounted and hung on the wall.
dots and strokes can be written in different forms, but their tendencies are unified.
the mood of writing means the spirits and sentiments of the writer disclosed in the written scripts.
in calligraphy, structure of the script involves the suitable, artistic arrangement of the strokes based on the form, and the writer's aesthetic interest.
chinese calligraphy stresses the overall layout among characters and dots.
the all seal script was developed on the basis of the warring state seal script and was simpler in form.
most ancient ink slabs unearthed by archaeologists were made in the . a. b. c. d.
he warring states seal script in the warring states period was also known the kingdoms script, represented chiefly by the "inscriptions on drum stones".
the calligraphy of the official script achieved the highest artistic level in the .
learned from the "yan style" and founded his own style, marked by forceful, thin strokes and graceful structures.
the cursive script or the simple, hasty script appeared already in the seal script period, but formed its independent style later in .
the palace museum in the hall of supreme harmony is constructed of floors of white marble, the stele and the steps carved with exquisite dragons and various kinds of decorative designs.
chinese temples are commonly built on a central axis, with symmetrical construction.
the suspended temple was built in the halfway up the mountain on the side of the golden dragon valley, 35 kilometers south of hunyuan county.
the white horse temple is situated nine kilometers east of the city of .
housed in the rectangular courtyard are the hall of the heavenly emperor, hall of the great heroes, and the pilu pavilion. among these, the main structure is .
as the first official buddhist temple in china, white horse temple was commissioned by the han emperor liu zhuang, in accordance with the demand of buddhi and admiration of traditional architecture.
within the borders of he'nan province lays the suspended temple on the lofty northern sacred mount, mt heng.
there are many buddhist structures on wutai mountain. currently, 56 ancient buildings have been preserved.
the tibetan temples were built of earth, timber, and stone, with timber being the main material.
the great roofs of the palaces are not only very beautiful but also function to safeguard the building.
jing is the male supporting role, with a disposition.
generally speaking, has a positive connotation and indicates loyalty and bravery.
beijing opera was first seen in shen news during the second year of reign.
who is the author of records of music which was a great music theoretician?
of the tang dynasty categorized music into "ten isions".
the han dynasty beheld two famous musicians, li yannian, who sang excellently and composed new songs, and xue tan, who was a musical theoretician.
facial makeup is used to paint colors on one's face to indicate the disposition, quality, role, and fate.
in the zhou dynasty, the system of rites and music had two principles: one principle specified the social hierarchy. the other principle specified the songs and dances accompanying the rites.
beijing opera came into being as a result of the classes from anhui province constantly cooperating with artists in han accent from hubei opera.
after the sui united china, the music and dances were sorted out and categorized into "nine isions of music".